An otherwise healthy 54-yo woman with 6 years of unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms in her right hand underwent surgical exploration. What is the structure shown?
Ulnar nerve fibroma
Carpal ligament sarcoma
Ganglion cyst
Lipomatosis of the median nerve
Flexor carpi radialis hypertrophy
You are correct. Benign lipomatous tumors are rare and may localize inside (nervous lipomatosis) or outside the neural sheath of the median nerve. Based on the fusiform dilatation of the median nerve with nerve fascicles stretched by unresectable adherent fibrofatty tissue, a clinical diagnosis of nervous lipomatosis was made. Conservative decompression by release of carpal ligament was adopted. The patient's symptoms gradually improved and she reported no residual deficits at 12-month follow-up.
An otherwise healthy 9-yo girl presents with a long history of intermittent itchy rash, mostly on the arms and legs, that is worse at night. What is it?
Impetigo
Mycosis fungoides
Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
Prurigo nodularis
Norwegian crusted scabies
You are correct. This patient has erythematous lichenified plaques on the wrist and hand with evidence of excoriation. The morphology and prolonged intermittent course of pruritus favor atopic dermatitis. Scabies, which favors flexural and intertriginous areas, tends to wane after months of infestation in healthy patients; in elderly or immunocompromised patients it may develop into thick, crusted scaly lesions (Norwegian scabies) that spread. Prurigo nodularis presents with dome-shaped papules or nodules.
A 61-yo man presented with fatigue, arthralgias, and a tender rash on his ears after recent cocaine use. Exam revealed purpuric dark purple patches with hemorrhagic bullae on both helical rims.
Cocaine-related DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
Cocaine-induced pinna ischemia
SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)
TTP (Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)
Levamisole vasculopathy from contaminated cocaine
You are correct. Skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis, consistent with levamisole vasculopathy related to contaminated cocaine. Levamisole is an animal dewormer frequently used to cut cocaine. The majority of cocaine sampled by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency is reportedly adulterated with levamisole. Levamisole toxicity can present with neutropenia, hyponatremia, arthralgias, positive perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, purpura, and necrotic skin lesions.